Which fracture is characterized by a Y-shaped three-part fracture of the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint?

The fracture characterized by a Y-shaped three-part fracture of the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint is a Rolando fracture. This type of fracture involves a comminuted break, typically at the base of the first metacarpal, which can split into multiple fragments, forming a Y-shape. Rolando fractures are particularly important to recognize because of their complexity and the potential for associated complications, including loss of function and the need for surgical intervention.

In contrast, a Bennett fracture is a less complex intra-articular fracture of the base of the first metacarpal that does not exhibit the same comminution as a Rolando fracture. A Gamekeeper's fracture is an injury to the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb often seen in skiers or similar activities, rather than a fracture characterized by multiple fragments. The Chauffeur fracture, also known as a Hutchinson fracture, typically involves a fracture of the radial styloid and does not pertain to the thumb's carpometacarpal region.

Understanding these distinctions helps clarify the specific characteristics that define a Rolando fracture and aids in appropriately diagnosing and managing such injuries.