Which fracture involves the distal radius with dorsal displacement typically due to a fall on an outstretched hand?

The fracture involving the distal radius with dorsal displacement that typically occurs due to a fall on an outstretched hand is known as a Colles fracture. This type of fracture is characterized by a specific pattern in which the distal fragment of the radius is displaced posteriorly (dorsally), resulting in a "dinner fork" or "bayonet" appearance at the wrist. The mechanism of injury—landing on an outstretched hand—makes this fracture especially common in older individuals, particularly those with osteoporosis, as the fall often leads to falling forward, while trying to catch oneself with the hand.

In contrast, a Smith fracture refers to a fracture of the distal radius with volar (palmar) displacement, which usually occurs from a direct blow to the back of the wrist or a fall onto a flexed wrist. A Boxer's fracture involves a fracture of the fifth metacarpal, often occurring when someone punches an object. The Chauffeur fracture also affects the radial area but typically involves an injury from a direct blow, leading to a fracture of the scaphoid bone rather than the distal radius itself. Understanding these distinctions helps clarify the specific scenarios and mechanics of each fracture type.