Which condition is characterized by a deficiency of or resistance to vasopressin/anti-diuretic hormone?

Diabetes Insipidus is characterized by a deficiency of or resistance to vasopressin, also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH). This hormone plays a crucial role in regulating the body's retention of water by acting on the kidneys to promote water reabsorption. In the case of central diabetes insipidus, the body fails to produce adequate amounts of vasopressin due to damage to the pituitary gland. In nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, the kidneys are unable to respond effectively to the vasopressin that is produced. As a result of either condition, patients experience excessive thirst and urination leading to large volumes of dilute urine, and they may become dehydrated if fluid intake does not keep pace with urine output.

Other conditions listed, such as Diabetes Mellitus, primarily involve abnormalities in blood glucose regulation rather than fluid balance. Hypernatremia refers to elevated sodium levels, often resulting from dehydration or excessive sodium intake, but it is not directly a deficiency of vasopressin. Hypotonic Hyponatremia, conversely, signifies diluted sodium levels usually due to excess water in the body, often influenced by the actions of vasopressin, but does not indicate a deficiency or resistance