What is the most common form of barotrauma experienced during diving?

The most common form of barotrauma experienced during diving is middle ear squeeze during descent. This condition occurs when a diver descends and the external pressure increases more rapidly than the pressure can equalize in the middle ear. The Eustachian tubes, which connect the middle ear to the back of the throat, must open to allow air to enter and equalize pressure. If they do not function properly or the diver fails to equalize, the pressure differential can result in pain, discomfort, and potentially serious injury to the structures within the ear.

The issue of equalization is more commonly problematic during descent due to the rapid accumulation of external pressure. Divers are trained to perform techniques such as the Valsalva maneuver or the Frenzel maneuver to prevent middle ear barotrauma by equalizing pressure. Failing to do so can lead to symptoms such as ear pain and, in severe cases, can result in a rupture of the tympanic membrane or other ear injuries.

Other types of barotrauma, such as lung barotrauma or sinus barotrauma, can occur but are not as commonly experienced as middle ear squeeze during descent. Proper equalization techniques and awareness of pressure changes are crucial for divers to prevent such injuries.