What is the most common deformity associated with testicular torsion?

The most common deformity associated with testicular torsion is the bell clapper deformity. This condition occurs when the testis is not fixed properly to the scrotal wall, allowing it to rotate freely within the scrotum. In a normal anatomical position, the testis is anchored by the gubernaculum, which helps prevent excessive movement. However, in the bell clapper deformity, the absence of sufficient fixation makes it resemble a clapper in a bell, allowing the testis to rotate freely, which increases the risk for torsion.

Testicular torsion is an acute surgical emergency where the spermatic cord becomes twisted, compromising blood supply to the testis, resulting in pain and potential loss of the testis if not addressed quickly. The association between the bell clapper deformity and torsion is significant, as the malrotation predisposes individuals to torsion episodes.

Other conditions listed, such as undescended testis, hydrocele, and varicocele, do not have a direct relationship with testicular torsion in the same way that the bell clapper deformity does. While they may involve abnormalities in testicular development or function, they do not correlate with the specific risk factor for torsion.