What is the most common pathogen associated with epiglottitis?

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is the most common pathogen associated with epiglottitis, particularly in children. Historically, Hib was a leading cause of epiglottitis before the widespread implementation of the Hib vaccine. The vaccine dramatically reduced the incidence of infections caused by this bacterium, thus highlighting its importance in the epidemiology of epiglottitis.

This pathogen is known for causing inflammation and swelling of the epiglottis, leading to potential airway obstruction, a life-threatening condition if not promptly addressed. Symptoms often include high fever, drooling, difficulty swallowing, and a distinctive "tripod" position assumed by children to alleviate discomfort and breathing difficulties.

While other pathogens can also cause epiglottitis, Haemophilus influenzae type b remains the most commonly implicated organism, especially in unvaccinated populations. The recognition of Hib as the primary causative agent is critical in understanding the clinical presentation and management of epiglottitis.