What is a common cause of hypervolemic hypernatremia?

A common cause of hypervolemic hypernatremia is renal failure. In this condition, the kidneys are unable to excrete adequate amounts of sodium and water, leading to an overall volume overload while also elevating sodium levels in the blood. This situation typically results from retaining both water and sodium, which can happen in individuals with acute or chronic renal insufficiency.

When the kidneys fail to adequately filter and excrete sodium, it can lead to a buildup of sodium in the body. As fluids are retained, despite the increased sodium concentration, the blood becomes hypernatremic due to the relative excess of sodium compared to body water. This condition differs from euvolemic hypernatremia, where total body water is decreased but sodium levels remain normal, and hypervolemic hypernatremia, where there is an increase in total body sodium leading to fluid overload and elevated sodium concentration in the serum.

While cirrhosis can lead to fluid retention due to portal hypertension, it primarily causes hyponatremia due to dilutional effects, making it less of a direct cause of hypervolemic hypernatremia compared to renal failure. Excessive sweating often results in loss of both water and sodium, leading to