What condition presents with acute, painless, monocular vision loss often associated with risk factors like hypertension and atherosclerosis?

The condition characterized by acute, painless, monocular vision loss, particularly in individuals with risk factors such as hypertension and atherosclerosis, is central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO). In CRAO, there is a sudden disruption of blood flow to the retina due to embolism or thrombosis of the central retinal artery.

Patients with this condition typically experience a rapid and significant loss of vision in one eye, which is often not associated with any pain. This lack of pain contrasts with other ocular conditions that can cause vision loss, making CRAO a distinct diagnosis in an emergency setting. The presence of systemic risk factors, such as hypertension and atherosclerosis, strongly correlates with the likelihood of experiencing CRAO, as these conditions can contribute to the development of arterial blockages.

In summary, the clinical presentation of acute, painless monocular vision loss and the association with vascular risk factors make CRAO the most accurate diagnosis among the options provided.