What condition is characterized by fine rales or audible wheezing with a prolonged expiratory phase?

The condition characterized by fine rales or audible wheezing with a prolonged expiratory phase is bronchiolitis. This condition primarily occurs in young children and is often caused by viral infections, most commonly respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The inflammation of the bronchioles leads to obstruction and airway narrowing, which results in wheezing and difficulty with expiration, causing a prolonged expiratory phase.

Fine rales, or crackles, may also be heard due to the movement of air through fluid or mucus in the small airways. The unique presentation of bronchiolitis, particularly in young patients, differentiates it from other respiratory conditions. The focus on the prolonged expiratory phase is essential, as it signifies lower airway obstruction typical in cases of bronchiolar involvement.

Pneumonia often presents with more pronounced findings such as fever, cough, and consolidation on examination rather than primarily wheezing and prolonged expiration. Asthma is primarily characterized by reversible airway obstruction, which can also cause wheezing but typically presents with both inspiratory and expiratory wheezing, not exclusively prolongation of expiration. Chronic bronchitis, primarily in adults, is associated with a productive cough and may show wheezing but does not have the distinctive features of fine