What age group of children should undergo blood cultures and possibly receive ceftriaxone for fever of 38°C or higher?

Children aged 28 days to 3 months who present with a fever of 38°C or higher merit special attention due to their heightened risk of serious bacterial infections. This age group is particularly vulnerable because their immune systems are still developing, and they may have a higher likelihood of infections that could progress rapidly.

The guidelines suggest that these infants should undergo blood cultures to identify potential bacterial pathogens, as their febrile illness could be indicative of significant issues such as meningitis, urinary tract infections, or bacteremia. Ceftriaxone is often administered as broad-spectrum intravenous therapy in this age group while further diagnostic tests are conducted, addressing the potential for severe illness and ensuring timely management.

The rationale for this approach stems from studies indicating that infants within this age range have a greater incidence of serious infections than older children. As children grow older, the likelihood of encountering severe infections decreases, which is why this particular age group is prioritized for immediate evaluation and treatment in cases of fever.